Yurok language Totally Explained

Everything about Yurok Language totally explained

Yurok (also Weitspekan) is a moribund Algic language. It is the traditional language of the Yurok tribe of Humboldt County on the far North Coast of California, U.S., most of whom now speak English. As of 2000 among the speakers of the language were 75 individuals between the ages of 5 and 17, including 10 with limited English proficiency.
The standard reference on the Yurok language is the grammar by Robins (1958).

Name

Concerning etymology of Yurok (a.k.a. Weitspekan), this below is from Campbell (1997):
Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i iː		u uː
Mid	e	ɚ ɚː	o oː

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Postalveolar or palatal	Velar		Glottal
		Bilabial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Postalveolar or palatal	Unrounded	Rounded	Glottal
Stop or affricate	Plain	p	t		tʃ	k	kʷ	ʔ
Stop or affricate	Glottalized	pʼ	tʼ		tʃʼ	kʼ	kʼʷ
Fricative	Central			ʂ	ʃ	x		h
Fricative	Lateral		ɬ
Nasal	Plain	m	n
Nasal	Glottalized	ʼm	ʼn
Approximant	Plain		l	ɻ	j	ɰ	w
Approximant	Glottalized		ʼl	ʼɻ	ʼj	ʼɰ	ʼw

The glottalized approximants /ʼl ʼɻ ʼj ʼɰ ʼw/ may be realized as creaky voice on the preceding vowel, a preceding glottal stop, or both. They are often devoiced when they occur at the end of a word.

Bibliography

Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Dixon, Roland; & Kroeber, Alfred L. (1913). New linguistic families in California. American Anthropologist, 5, 1-26.
Goddard, Ives. (1975). Algonquian, Wiyot, and Yurok: Proving a distant genetic relationship. In M. D. Kinkade, K. L. Hale, & O. Werner (Eds.), Linguistics and anthropology in honor of C. F. Voegelin (pp. 249-262). Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press.
Goddard, Ives. (1979). Comparative Algonquian. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 70-132). Austin: University of Texas Press.
Goddard, Ives. (1990). Algonquian linguistic change and reconstruction. In P. Baldi (Ed.), Linguistic change and reconstruction methodology (pp. 99-114). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Haas, Mary R. (1958). Algonkian-Ritwan: The end of a controversy. International Journal of American Linguistics, 24, 159-173.
Hinton, Leanne (1994). Flutes of fire: Essays on Californian Indian languages. Berkeley: Heyday Books.
Michelson, Truman. 1914. Two alleged Algonquian languages of California. American Anthropologist, 16, 361-367.
Michelson, Truman. 1915. Rejoinder (to Edward Sapir). American Anthropologist, 17, 4-8.
Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
Robins, Robert H. 1958. The Yurok Language: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon. University of California Publications in Linguistics 15.
Sapir, Edward. 1913. Wiyot and Yurok, Algonkin languages of California. American Anthropologist, 15, 617-646.
Sapir, Edward. (1915)a. Algonkin languages of California: A reply. American Anthropologist, 17, 188-194.
Sapir, Edward. (1915)b. Epilogue. American Anthropologist, 17, 198.

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